Gerund

Gerund

Definition :

A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

Examples:

Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence

Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence

I enjoy reading. object of sentence

Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not."
Examples:

·       He enjoys not working.

·       The best thing for your health is not smoking.

Besides preceding infinitive verbs (such as to go, to buy), to can also stand as a preposition. However, it must be followed by a noun or verb-ing.

Examples :

¨      I look forward to hearing from you.

¨      I prefer swimming to walking.

¨      I am used to waiting for busses.

¨      I object to working on Sundays.

Dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris, gerunds mempunyai peran sebagai:

1. Gerunds as subject
2. Gerunds as object
3. Gerunds as subjective complement
4. Gerunds as object of preposition
5. Gerunds after word “NO”
6. Gerunds after possessive adjective
7. Gerunds after certain verbs
8. Gerunds as appositive

Gerunds as subject

Berikut ini contoh-contoh gerunds yang berfungsi sebagai subject:

Reading is not my hobby.

Swimming is better than running.

Hiking can be very strenuous.

Gerunds as object

I like reading.

She goes swimming every morning.

Their favorite sport is running.

Gerunds as Subjective Complement

Gerund sebagai pelengkap subjek dalam kalimat biasanya selalu didahului tobe  yang terletak di antara subject dan subjective complement, contoh:

Her favorite sport is swimming.

Gerunds as object of preposition

Gerund sebagai objek dari preposisi terletak setelah preposisi, misalnya; for, before, without, in, at, after, dll.

Contoh;

I will wash the dishes after eating.

You cannot be rich man without working.

 

Gerunds after “NO”

Dalam kalimat larangan, kita sering memakai kata “No” dan setelahnya biasanya diletakkan verb + ing yaitu gerunds. Contoh:

No Smoking!

No parking in this area!

Gerunds after possessive adjective

Gerunds juga sering kita jumpai setelah possessive adjective. Misalnya:

Thanks for your coming.

Gerunds after certain verbs

Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada beberapa kata kerja tertentu yang bila kita ingin memasukan kata kerja sesudah kata kerja tersebut, maka kata kerja setelahnya harusnya berbentuk gerund atau verb + ing.

Berikut ini daftar kata kerja-kata kerja tersebut beserta contoh kalimatnya:

Admit               :  He admitted cheating on the test.

Advise              :  The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.

Allow               :  Ireland doesn't allow smoking in bars.

Anticipate         :  I anticipated arriving late.

Appreciate       :  I appreciated her helping me.

Avoid               :  He avoided talking to her.

Begin                :  I began learning Chinese.

can't bear         :  He can't bear having so much responsibility.

can't help          :  He can't help talking so loudly.

can't see           :  I can't see paying so much money for a car.

can't stand        : He can't stand her smoking in the office.

Cease               : The government ceased providing free healthcare.

Complete         :  He completed renovating the house.

Consider          ; She considered moving to New York.

Continue           : He continued talking.

Defend             : The lawyer defended her making such statements.

Delay               : He delayed doing his taxes.

Deny                : He denied committing the crime.

Despise            : She despises waking up early.

Discuss             : We discussed working at the company.

Dislike              : She dislikes working after 5 PM.

Mind                : I don't mind helping you.

Dread               : She dreads getting up at 5 AM.

Encourage        : He encourages eating healthy foods.

Enjoy               : We enjoy hiking.

Finish               : He finished doing his homework.

forget               : I forgot giving you my book.

hate                  : I hate cleaning the bathroom.

Imagine            : He imagines working there one day.

Involve             : The job involves traveling to Japan once a month.

Keep                : She kept interrupting me.

 Like                : She likes listening to music.

Love                : I love swimming.

Mention            : He mentioned going to that college.

Miss                 : She misses living near the beach.

neglect              : Sometimes she neglects doing her homework.

permit               : California does not permit smoking in restaurants.

Postpone          : He postponed returning to Paris.

Practice            : She practiced singing the song.

Prefer               : He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theater.

propose            : I proposed having lunch at the beach.

 quit                  : She quit worrying about the problem.

Recall               : Tom recalled using his credit card at the store.

Recollect          : She recollected living in Kenya.

Recommend     : Tony recommended taking the train.

regret               : She regretted saying that.

Remember        : I remember telling her the address yesterday.

Report              : He reported her stealing the money.

require              : The certificate requires completing two courses.

Resent              : Nick resented Debbie's being there.

Resist               : He resisted asking for help.

Risk                 : He risked being caught.

Start                 : He started studying harder.

Stop                 :  She stopped working at 5 o'clock.

Suggest            : They suggested staying at the hotel.

Tolerate            : I tolerated her talking.

Try                   : Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip.

Understand       : I understand his quitting.

Urge                 :They urge recycling bottles and paper

Daftar kata kerja di atas beserta contohnya saya ambil dari: English Page

Gerunds as appositive

Gerund sebagai aposisi atau penegas dalam kalimat, contoh:

·  His method, shooting and killing, eventually came to an end.

·  She has a bad habit, gambling.

·  Her favorite exercise, swimming in the pool, makes her body strong.

·  That difficult work, sawing hard woo, makes him exhausted